Method of phase-angle adjustment.



PATENTED' APR. 19, 1904.

B. M. TIRGLEY. METHOD 0? PHASE ANGLE ADJUSTMENT.

APPLIOATIOH PI LED APR. 24, 1900.

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WITNESSES:

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3O grees between the shunt andseries fields for Patented April 19, 1904.

EGBERT M. TINGLEY, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFAOTURING PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COMPANY, A con- METHOD OF PHASE-ANGLE ADJUSTMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming e of T etters Patent No. 757,517, dated April 19,1904.

Original application filed May 9, 1896, Serial No. 690,841. Divided andthis application filed April 24, 1900. Serial No. 14,176. (No iiiodel.)v

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EGBERT M. TIN'GLEY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Methods ofPhase-Angle Adjustment, of which the following is a specification,thisapplication being a division of my ap plication, Serial No.590,84Ll,filed May 9, 1896.

My invention relates to phase-angle adj ustment, and more particularlyto the adjustment of the phase angle between the shunt and series fieldsof instruments employed for measuring the energy consumed by translatingdevices in alternating-current circuits.

The object of my invention is to provide a method whereby such anadjustment of the phase relation between the magnetic fields of such aninstrument may be effected as will insure an accurate indication orregistration whatever may he the power factor of the workcircuit.

In alternating current measuring instruments the operation of which isdependent upon a difference in phase between the currents in the twoactuating coils or sets of coils-such, for example, as that shown inPatent No. 531,867, granted 1300. B. Shallenberger January 1, 1895-it isnecessary to have a phase difference of substantially ninety deacondition of no lag in the main or work circuit in order to secure acorrect indlcatlon or registration of the true energy in circuits carrying the inductive loads having different power factors or in any givencircuit the power factor of which is variable. This quadrature relationmay be approximated in connection with single-phase circuits by theemployment of a properly-designed inductance-coil in the shunt-circuit,as described in the said Shallenberger patent. In order to secure aphase angle of exactly ninety degrees, however, an additional correctingor adjusting means is usually necessary. Such 'a means is set forth inPatent No. 548,231, granted to O. B. Shallenberger October 22, 1895. Itconsists of a tion.

closed-coil secondary located in the field of the main shunt-coil andhaving its magnetic circuit coincident with that of said shunt-coil, byvirtue of which a component is added to the field of the shunt-coilwhich serves to give the desired phase angle.

I propose to secure the desired phase angle between the shunt and seriesfields when there ductive shunt to the shunt-field coil or coils whichshall have a lesser time constant than the coil or coils shunted or byestablishing shunts of both kinds, it being understood that in everycase the shunt or shunts will be so .is any apparent lag in thework-circuit by disproportioned and adjusted as to properly cooperatewith the field-coils.

Reference being now had to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is adiagram of a single-phase circuit and a wattmeter constructed inaccordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram of a modification ofthe inven- Fig. 3 is a diagram representing the various currents andphase angles involved-in the apparatus when either the inductive shuntto the series coil or the series converter is emformer c. dis one of theactuating-coils of the meter provided with the magnetic core 6 andconnected across the work-circuit. The

circuit of this coil 01 includes an inductancecoil fin order to retardthe shunt-current with ter, and a non-inductive resistance Z, in shunt,

reference to the impressed electromotive force. 9 is the rotatablearmature of the meter, which is preferably in the form of a disk, asindicated.- it h are two coils connected in series in the work-circuitand located on the opposite side of the disk from the coil 03. While twoof these coils are shown, a single coil may be employed, if desired,provided it is properly located With reference to the coil cZ.

The construction thus far described when employed in connection with thenecessary registering or indicating and retarding devices is suitablefor determining the amount of' electrical energy consumed in theworkcircuit, provided there is no inductive load on such circuit. It isfound to be practically impossible, however, .to produce theninetydegree relation between the impressed electromotive force and thecurrent in the shuntcoil of the meter that is desired in order to secureaccurate indication or registration for difierent inductive loadswithout the employment of some additional phase adjusting means. Such ameans is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises an inductive resistance 5,located in shunt to the series coil or coils of the meto the coil (Z.The inductive resistance Z is of such proportions as to provide alagging component, and thus advance the current in the series coils acertain amount, and the noninductive shunt Z is of such proportions asto provide a leading component, the two combining to produce thequadrature relation desired. The same result may be secured by employingone of these shunts if it is of the proper character and proportions,and there- 'fore I do not desire to limit my invention in this regard.

In place of the inductive resistancez' I may also employ a suitablydesigned and proportioned converter, the primary of which is connectedin series in the work-circuit. Such a converter is shown at 76 in Fig.2.

The relation of the various currents and phase angles involved in theapparatus when the inductive shunt to coils Z1. 71, or the seriesconverter of Fig. 2 is employed is shown in Fig. 3, in which line 0 Erepresents at a given instant the shunt-current; line 0 A, the currentin the main circuit; line 0 D, which is equal and parallel to line B A,the current in the inductive shunt (shown in Fig. 1) and also the thenon-inductive shunt Z applied to the terminalspf the shunt-coil d. Thisnon-inductive shuntobviously has no eiiect upon the current in theseries coils, such as that produced by the inductive shunt of Fig. 1 andthe series converter of Fig. 2; but it serves to provide a component inadvance of that in the shunt-coil, and thus to retard the current in theshunt-coil with reference to that in the series coils the necessaryamount to give the quadrature relation, as indicated in Fig. 4, in whichline 0 A represents at a given instant the current in the series coilsof the meter; line 0 E, the main shunt-current; line C E, which is equaland parallel to line 0 D, the current in the non-inductiveshunt Z, andline 0 C the current in the shunt-coil of the meter. The angle A O C isthe phase angle between the current in the shunt-coil and the current inthe series coils, this angle being ninety degrees, as desired. The angleC O E is the angle of compensation in this instance.

Instead of employing either an inductive shunt to the series coils or anon-inductive shunt to the shunt-coil of the meter alone both of thesecorrecting means may be employed. When both shunts are employed, thedesired adjustment is obviously efiected partially by one shunt andpartially by the other, as is indicated in Fig. 5, in which line 0 Erepresents the main shunt-circuit; line 0 A, the current in the maincircuit; lines B A and O D, the current in the inductive shunt z, andlines C, E, and O D the current in the noninductive shunt Z. By reasonof the non-inductive shunt Z the shunt-current is retarded, so as to berepresented as regards angular position by line 0 C, and the seriescurrent is advanced by the inductive shunt 1 to a position representedby the line 0 B, the angle B O 0 being ninety degrees, as desired. Asillustrated by the diagram, each shunt makes one-half of the phaseadjustment; but it is obvious that the angular adjustment effected byeither may be anything desired, provided the adjustment effected by thetwo amounts to ninety degrees.

The correct proportioning of the coils will obviously depend upon theconditions to be met in any particular case and may be readilydetermined by any one skilled in the art.

While my invention is illustrated and described in connection with aninstrument for measuring electrical energy and is primarily intended foruse in such relations, I do not desire or intend to limit it as regardsthe particular apparatus with which it is employed.

I claim as my invention 1. In the method of measuring the electricalenergy of a single-phase circuit, the improvement which consists inestablishing by currents from the single source supplying the energy tobe measured, two periodic magnetic force of the supply-circuit and theother proportional to the current flowing to the translating devices,said fluxes having a phase difference equal to an angle differing fromninety degrees by the angle of lag in the work-cincuit and actinginductively upon a closed circuitecl armature, and maintaining the phasediflerence of said fluxes by the action of currents shunted around partor all of the energizing-coils and outside their magnetic fieldssubstantially as described.

2. In the method of measuring the energy of a single-phase circuit, theimprovement which consists in establishing by currents from the singlesource supplying the energy to be measured, two periodic magneticfluxes, one proportional to the electromotive force of thesupply-circuit and retarded behind the supplied current, and the otherproportional to the quantity of said current and advanced relatively tothe main current by an angle equal to the complement of the angle ofretardation of. said other flux, minus the angle of lag of thework-circuit, and acting inductively upon a closed circuited armature,substantially as described.

3. The method of increasing the phase angle between the currents in twoindependent fieldcoils which consists in shunting one of said 'coils byan inductive resistance the self-indum producing coils by introducinginductive re sistance directly into its circuit and advancing thecurrent in the other field-producing coils by subjecting the same to theaction of an inductive shunt.

5. The method of producing a quadrature relation between two coils, onein series relation with a work-circuit, and the other in a shunt orshunt 'relationto the work-circuit, which consists in effecting a lag ofthe phase of the magnetic flux of one coil and shunting one of the coilsby a shunt having a different time constant than that of the said coils.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my nanie this 20th dayof April, 1900.

EGBERT M. TINGLEY.

Witnesses:

,WEsLnY G. CARR BIRNEY HINES.

